Determinants of Livelihood Diversification among Rural Households in the Context of Climate Variability and Conflict-Affected Areas of East Wallaga Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Livelihood Diversification

Abstract

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing livelihood diversification among rural households in East Wallaga Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, a region affected by climate variability and conflict. Diversification is essential for resilience and food security in such vulnerable areas. A mixed-methods approach, using quantitative data from 400 households and qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions, was employed. The findings reveal that most households have not successfully diversified, leaving them susceptible to climate and conflict-related risks. Key factors positively influencing diversification include access to electricity, credit, water, irrigation, and higher income, while marital status, specific agro-ecological zones, and higher dependency ratios hinder diversification. The study recommends improving rural infrastructure, expanding financial services, and promoting irrigation to support livelihood diversification. These interventions can enhance economic stability and food security for rural households facing environmental and social challenges. This research contributes to understanding rural livelihood strategies in climate and conflict-affected regions.