The Challenges and Prospects of Pastoralist Displacement and Urban Settlement: A Socioeconomic Study in Yabello, Borana Zone

Abstract

This study examined the challenges and prospects of pastoralists’ displacement and settlement in Yabello, located in Borana Zone, southern Ethiopia. Pastoralism is widely recognized as the backbone of the economy in vast arid and semi-arid rangelands. Despite its significant economic contribution, however, the system faces numerous natural and human-induced challenges that increasingly contribute to displacement and livelihood transformation. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative techniques, including household surveys, field observations, key informant interviews, case studies, and focus group discussions. Particular attention was given to inconsistencies between state policies and local customary laws, especially regarding differing perspectives on the settlement of displaced pastoralists in urban areas. Fieldwork was conducted in former settlement camps established during the Derg period, located in the peri-urban areas of Yabello. These settlements illustrate diverse livelihood options and adaptive strategies adopted by displaced pastoral households. Although numerous empirical studies by scholars and NGOs have documented the challenges facing pastoral communities, none have specifically recommended the permanent settlement of displaced pastoralists in Yabello town, an important gap this study seeks to address. Another gap relates to policy guidelines, which recognize the right of displaced households to settle in towns and engage in part-time or full-time urban economic activities, yet remain inadequately implemented. By examining the interface between formal policy frameworks and customary institutions, this study aims to bridge this gap and propose context-sensitive solutions. The findings suggest that urban local governments should facilitate the permanent settlement of displaced pastoralists while supporting their engagement in urban agriculture, trade, and other diversified livelihood opportunities.

Keywords: Displacement, pastoralists, policy guidelines, settlement, livelihood diversification.