Evaluation of In vivo Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Methanol and Aqueous Extracted Allium sativum and Lepidium sativum against Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma congolense in Southern Ethiopia

trial on Trypanosoma

Abstract

The present study was conducted in Arba Minch town, from September 2022 to April 2023 with the objective of evaluating the anti-trypanosomal activity of aqueous and methanol extract of Allium sativum bulbs and Lepidium sativum seeds against T. evansi and T. congolense. This experimental study utilized a total of 195 Swiss albino mice. Mice were assigned into 13 treatment groups, the first group was used as the control group while the rest up to13th groups were infected intraperitoneally with 1*107 trypanosoma and treated with Allium sativum bulbs and Lepidium sativum seeds extracts at a dose of 150, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and 28mg/kg body weight of Diminazine aceturate once a day for a period of five days and observed for up to 42 days. The mouse infected with T. congolense and methanol extracted Allium sativum at a dose of 250mg/kg body weight showed a decrease in body weight for a week at post infection, then after their body weight started to increase rapidly. Treating of infected mouse using 250mg/kg body weight had shown increased body weight, decreased parasitemia, maximizing packed cell volume and improving mean revival survival time of mouse. In addition,
intra-peritoneal administration of the extracts to mice at 5,000mg/kg body weight did not result in deaths during the acute toxicity trial. Therefore, Allium sativum and Lepidium sativum extracted using methanol and aqueous at 250mg/kg body weight had shown promising effect against T. congolense and T. evansi and provided a quantitative basis to explain the traditional uses of both medicinal plants.

Keywords: Allium sativum, aqueous, extract, Lepidium sativum, methanol, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma congolense